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1. The mean path length traveled by the packet is 3.

   What is the mean path length?

   ⇒ The mean path length is the average number of hops that it will take for a packet to go from its origination point to its final destination.

   Because there are three routers in the path that runs between the source and the destination, the average path length for this particular scenario is 3. Since there is a 0.729 chance that the transmission will be successful, this indicates that it will take a packet 3 times 0.729, which is 2.187 hops to get to its final destination on average.

   When evaluating the effectiveness of a network, one of the most significant metrics to consider is the mean path length. A lower mean path length shows that packets are spending less time in transit, which leads to the conclusion that the network is operating at a higher level of efficiency.

   On the other hand, it is essential to keep in mind that the minimum distance traveled does not necessarily correspond to the mean journey length. When certain conditions are met, it may be advantageous for a packet to travel a longer distance if this ensures that it will come into contact with a smaller number of busy routers.

   Hence, The mean path length traveled by the packet is 3.

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