Classify each item as being associated with light positioning (controlling how and where light strikes the retina) or sensory processing (how that information is processed).
a. Photoreceptors
b. Occipital cortex
c. Extrinsic muscles
d. Pupil
e. Bipolar cells
Answer:
– light positioning: c. Extrinsic muscles; d. Pupil
– sensory processing: a. Photoreceptors; b. Occipital cortex; e. Bipolar cells
Explanation:
Extrinsic (extraocular) muscles are muscles that modulate both eye movement and position, whereas intrinsic (intraocular) muscles are muscles that focus the eye and control how much light enters into the eye. The pupil is the black center of the eye within the iris through which light passes before being focused onto the retina. Photoreceptors are specialized neurons located in the retina that respond to light, converting it into electrical signals that can stimulate biological processes. Photoreceptors in the retina are divided into two categories 1-rods (responsible for vision at low light levels), and 2-cones (active at higher light). Bipolar cells are neurons that transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the ganglion cells, thereby processing light signals received from rods and cones. The occipital cortex is a brain region that represents the visual processing center and contains most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.