According to Smith, the US Constitution requires  The Northern states would have to sever ties with the slave states.

A constitution is a compilation of governing principles or established precedents that form the foundation for a polity, organisation, or other sort of brain’s legal system and typically specify how that establishment is to be governed. 

A written constitution is believed to be one that has had these principles in a single legal document or group of legal documentation; a codified constitution is one that contains all of these principles in a single complete document. The United Kingdom’s Constitution Kingdom, which is contained in various basic Acts of a legislature, court cases, or treaties, is a famous example of an unwritten constitution.

Before 1865, there were two types of states in the United States: slave states and free states. Enslavement and the internal slave trade were both permitted in slave states. The slave states thought that it was politically important for the number of independent states to maintain below that of slave states between 1812 and 1850, therefore individual territories were admitted in slave-free pairs. The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 clearly specified that a slave could not become free by joining a free state, although there were still some slaves among most free states as of the 1840 census.

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