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1. The data collection methods are appropriate for the given quantitative study are-

   • observation
   • biophysiologic measures
   • self-reports

   What is observation method?

   Observation is an approach that involves selecting, observing, listening, studying, touching, and recording the behavior and qualities of living creatures, objects, or occurrences in a systematic manner.

   • Using this strategy, researchers aim to understand behaviors and civilizations by learning to know the people involved and their beliefs, rituals, emblems, beliefs, and emotions.
   • When a methodology is expressly created to address a research issue and is methodically planned and conducted with suitable controls, it qualifies as a rigorous method of data collecting.

   What is biophysiologic measures?

   Physiological measurement entails the directly or indirectly observation of variables associated with the normal functioning of human body systems and subsystems.

   • Physiological assessment, when done appropriately, can give objective, dependable, and repeatable results that are more vulnerable to social desirability.

   What is self-reports method?

   In epidemiologic & medical research, self-reporting is a frequent method of data collection.

   • This method demands participants to answer the researcher’s questions without being interrupted.
   • Questionnaires, surveys, and interviews are examples of self-reporting.
   • However, when compared to other types of information, including such medical records and laboratory measures, self-reported data is frequently considered to be untrustworthy and subject to self-reporting bias.

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